我国古生代海相碳酸盐岩成藏理论的新进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

康玉柱 《海相油气地质》2008,13(4)

近年来在中国古生界新发现大中型油气田40多个,其中大型油气田16个。在长期研究中国古生代海相沉积特征的基础上,总结归纳近几年来新发现的海相烃源岩,提出对碳酸盐岩有效烃源岩的新认识。从有效烃源岩、古岩溶储集体、油气成藏期次和成藏模式等四个方面概述油气成藏理论方面的新进展;根据油气成藏史研究,结合区域构造演化史、生烃史等,提出塔河油田奥陶系有四个成藏期:加里东中晚期至海西早期;海西晚期;燕山期-喜马拉雅早中期;喜马拉雅晚期。  相似文献   

金岭寺—羊山盆地北票组烃源岩特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何保李茂丰  刘颖鑫 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(3):25-27

通过对采集的岩样进行地球化学综合分析,得出金羊盆地北票组为盆地主要烃源岩,为盆地油气生成提供了物质基础;北票组烃源岩有机质丰度不高,属差一中等烃源岩;干酪根类型以腐殖型为主,成烃母质为陆地高等植物：金羊盆地北票组烃源岩已经进入成烃门限．并处于成熟阶段中的低成熟到中成熟阶段。  相似文献   

四川盆地泸州古隆起嘉陵江组储层特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱其  李国蓉  乔占峰  王鑫  许维武 《四川地质学报》2008,28(1):30-34

对研究区嘉陵江组沉积背景认识的基础上,通过岩心观察、岩石薄片确定了不同类型的储集岩和储集空间,得出本地区储层岩石类型和储渗空间类型均多样化的特点。从成因角度识别出来了溶蚀孔隙型储层、膏溶孔洞型储层、裂缝型储层等三类储层。研究不同类型储层的孔、渗特征及关系表明,溶蚀孔隙型储层物性要优于膏溶孔洞型储层,而溶蚀孔隙型储层中的颗粒云岩溶蚀孔隙型储层物性最好、颗粒灰岩溶蚀孔隙型物性其次、粉晶云岩溶蚀孔隙型储层物性最差,其原因是不同储层受沉积环境和成岩作用控制和影响。  相似文献   

微生物对碳酸盐岩的风化作用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

连宾  陈烨  朱立军  杨瑞东 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):90

微生物-矿物相互作用可以促进许多表生生物地球化学反应过程,是表生地球化学研究的重要内容。通过综合岩石表面的微生物类群及其地质作用,分析碳酸盐岩微生物风化的各种现象,特别是微观尺度上的各种形态,阐述碳酸盐岩的微生物风化机制与风化产物,笔者提出微生物对碳酸盐岩风化的4种途径:(1)通过微生物在岩石表面和缝隙中生长,导致岩石表层发生生物溶蚀、生物磨蚀和生物钻孔作用,加速岩石风化进程;(2)微生物群体形成的钻孔网络可以增强岩石化学溶蚀的有效表面积并导致其表面强度减弱而促进机械侵蚀作用,微生物对周围岩石颗粒胶结结构的破坏、疏松作用也会导致岩石矿物颗粒的分解;(3)微生物的持水作用,微生物分泌的有机酸以及微生物呼吸所释放的CO2对岩表水分的酸化过程亦加速岩石矿物的分解;(4)微生物生长过程中从岩石内摄取营养元素和产生复杂的有机配体,能促进矿物元素的释放。文中提出在开展微生物对碳酸盐岩风化过程和机理研究的基础上,有必要引入微生物生物技术来综合开发本地低品位含钾磷矿产资源,加速岩溶地区山地土壤的形成与演化。  相似文献   

Micromechanics of the velocity and normal stress dependence of rock friction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Weibin Wang  Christopher H. Scholz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1994,143(1-3):303-315

Among the second-order effects on friction the most important are those of variable normal stress and of slip velocity. Velocity weakening, which is usually considered the source of the stick-slip instability in rock friction, has been observed in velocity stepping experiments with Westerly granite. The friction change, , was –0.01 to –0.008 for a tenfold velocity increase. Using normal closure measurements, we observed dilation upon each increase in sliding rate. We also observed, for the first time, time-dependent closure between surfaces during static loading. The dilation that occurred during the velocity stepping experiment was found to be that expected from the static time-dependent closure phenomenon. This change in closure was used to predict friction change with an elastic contact model. The calculated friction change which results from a change in contact area and asperity interlocking, is in good agreement with the observed velocity dependence of steady-state friction. Variable normal stress during sliding has two effects, first in creating new partial slip contacts and locking some existing fully sliding contacts and second in increasing interlocking, for instance when normal load is suddenly increased. As a result, a transient change in friction occurs upon a sudden change in normal load.  相似文献   

Textural segmentation of digital rock images into bedding units using texture energy and cluster labels     

Stefan M. Luthi 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(2):181-196

The texture of digital rock images, as recorded, for instance, with borehole imaging devices, is shown to reflect different bedding types. Textural segmentation of borehole images, therefore, subdivides the recorded sequence into bedding units. We show that a textural segmentation algorithm based on the concept of texture energy achieves good results when compared with synthetic as well as real data in which petroleum geologists have performed zonations on cores. Texture energy involves filtering of the original image with a set of texture sensitive masks. The filtering is done as a finite convolution over the size of the masks. On the resulting images the variance is computed over a relatively large sliding window, which, in its practical implementation, covers the full width of the image. The resulting nine one-dimensional curves are then clustered hierarchically into a user-determined number of image texture or lithological bedding classes. Principal component analysis previous to clustering can be used to reduce redundancy in the data. A recurring and relatively ill-defined problem in this field are macro-textures, i.e., the cyclic interbedding of two or more bedding types. We show that sliding Fourier transforms and variable mask scale can successfully address the zonation of macro-textures. In general, the method gives best results with mask sizes equivalent to 2–4 centimeters, reflecting the length scale at which the investigated geological bedding seems to have its highest variation.  相似文献   

Modelling of the vertical fluxes of nitric acid,ammonia, and ammonium nitrate     

Gerhard Kramm  Ralph Dlugi 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1994,18(4):319-357

Results from numerical investigations regarding the exchange of HNO₃, NH₃, and NH₄NO₃ between the atmosphere and the biosphere are presented. The investigations were performed with a modified inferential method which is based on the generally accepted micrometeorological ideas of the transfer of momentum, sensible heat and matter near the Earth's surface and the chemical reactions among these nitrogen compounds. This modified inferential method calculates the micrometeorological quantities (such as the friction velocity and the fluxes of sensible and latent heat), the height-invariant fluxes of the composed chemically conservative trace species with group concentrationsc ₁=[HNO₃]+[NH₄NO₃] (total nitrate),c ₂=[NH₃]+[NH₄NO₃] (total ammonia), andc ₃=[HNO₃]-[NH₃] as well as the fluxes of the individual nitrogen compounds. The parameterization of the fluxes is based on the flux-gradient relationships in the turbulent region of the atmospheric surface layer. The modified inferential method requires only the data of wind velocity, temperature, humidity and concentrations (HNO₃, NH₃, and NH₄NO₃) measured at a reference height by stations of a monitoring network.  相似文献   

抓“热点”、解“难点”，依法行政搞矿管     

邓宗智 《四川地质学报》1994,(3)

原达县地区是全省矿业活动最频繁的地区之一,也一度成了全省有名的“采煤混战”大区。近几年来,以《矿产资源法》为指针,抓住“重点”,调处“热点”,解决“难点”,以点带面,加强矿管行政执法工作,促进了全区矿业秩序的全面好转,矿业生产也相应得到健康发展。矿业产值占全区工业总产值的１５％左右,是全区的一大支柱产业,有力地促进了地方经济的发展。  相似文献   

“Tripoli”的含义及译名的讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方邺森  顾炳伟 《岩石矿物学杂志》1993,12(1):91-94

“Tripoli”是一种新型的石英质工业矿物原料,在我国长期被误译为硅藻土,影响地质部门对这一新矿种的认识和寻找。本文追溯了“Tripoli”一名的由来,正确地阐述了“Tripoli”的本质特征,分析了在国内文献中长期被误译的根源,指明了其正确含义,并建议废除各种不正确的中译名,译为“粉石英”。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷北段奥陶系烃源岩特征及成熟演化史     

黄志刚  任战利  陈玉林  郑庆荣 《地质学报》2022,96(11):3967-3976

为研究天环坳陷北段下古生界天然气成藏规律，利用探井资料和有机地球化学方法，评价了天环坳陷北段奥陶系烃源岩特征并恢复其成熟演化史。天环坳陷北段奥陶系乌拉力克组和克里摩里组烃源岩有机碳含量和生烃潜量相对较高，烃源岩有机质丰度以中等—好为主，少部分为差烃源岩；三道坎组和桌子山组烃源岩以差为主。干酪根组分鉴定表明，天环坳陷北段奥陶系烃源岩主要为Ⅱ1~Ⅰ型干酪根，热演化程度高，处于生干气阶段。成熟演化史模拟显示，古生代—中生代早期地温梯度低，地层埋藏浅，烃源岩成熟演化程度低。燕山期，由于构造热事件，地温梯度迅速升高，早白垩世烃源岩经历的最高温度超过200℃，达到生气高峰期，早白垩世是油气成藏的主要时期。早白垩世之后，鄂尔多斯盆地整体抬升，地温梯度减小，生烃作用停止。  相似文献